Biomarkers

4548-4

A1C

number

%{HemoglobinA1C}

Hemoglobin A1C (A1C) reflects your average blood sugar (glucose) level over the past two to three months. Glucose is a type of sugar in your blood that comes from the foods you eat. Your cells use glucose for energy. A hormone called insulin balances glucose in your blood and cells. Glucose in your blood sticks to hemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells. As your blood glucose levels increase, more of your hemoglobin will be coated with glucose. An A1C test measures the percentage of your red blood cells reflecting glucose-coated hemoglobin.

30525-0

Age

number

a

Age in years.

1742-6, 1743-4, 1744-2

Alanine aminotransferase

number

U/L

Alanine Transaminase (ALT) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver. An ALT test measures the amount of ALT in the blood. When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream.

1916-6

Aspartate Aminotransferase/Alanine Aminotransferase [Enzymatic Activity Ratio]

number

1

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme released by injured muscle cells and liver cells and is predominantly found in the liver and heart. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is an enzyme found in serum and various bodily tissues but is most commonly associated with the liver. The ratio of these two enzymes provides diagnostic information that neither value alone can offer.

1751-7, 2862-1, 61151-7

Albumin

number

g/dL

Albumin is a protein produced by the liver and is the most abundant protein in blood plasma. It plays a critical role in maintaining oncotic pressure and transporting various substances throughout the bloodstream.

6768-6

Alkaline phosphatase

number

U/L

Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs) are a group of isoenzymes located on the outer layer of the cell membrane. They catalyze the hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters found in the extracellular space, with zinc and magnesium serving as essential cofactors. ALP is found in decreasing concentrations in various organs such as the placenta, ileal mucosa, kidney, bone, and liver.

1869-7

ApoA

number

mg/dL

ApoA is the main protein component of HDL cholesterol and helps remove cholesterol from tissues.

1884-6,6772-8*

ApoB

number

mg/dL

ApoB is the main protein component of LDL cholesterol and is involved in cholesterol transport.

1920-8,30239-8

Aspartate Aminotransferas

number

U/L

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) is an enzyme found mostly in the liver, but it is also found in muscles and other organs in your body. When cells containing AST are damaged, they release the AST into your blood. An AST blood test measures the amount of AST in your blood.

30180-4, 706-2, 707-0

Basophils

number

%

The percentage of basophils in the total WBC count, used to assess allergic responses and certain hematologic conditions.

704-7, 705-4

Basophils in Blood

number

{cells}/uL

Basophils are the least common type of WBC and are involved in inflammatory reactions, particularly allergic responses.

1975-2

Bilirubin

number

mg/dL

Total bilirubin measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown.

21112-8

Birthday

string (date)

{YYYY-MM-DD}

Date of birth

8462-4

Diastolic BP

number

mm[Hg]

60 day rolling median of diastolic blood pressure

8462-4

Diastolic BP

number

mm[Hg]

Diastolic blood pressure refers to the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats. It is the lower of the two numbers in a blood pressure reading and is an important indicator of heart health, with normal values typically around 60-80 mmHg.

8480-6

Systolic BP

number

mm[Hg]

Systolic Blood Pressure is the top number in a blood pressure reading. It indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats. Each time your heart beats, it pumps blood into your arteries (the blood vessels that carry blood from your heart to the tissues and organs in your body). A blood pressure measurement is a test measuring the force (pressure) in your arteries as your heart pumps. Blood pressure is measured as two numbers: systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

41909-3

BMI

number

kg/m2

An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender.

77233-5

Body fat %

number

%

Body fat percentage measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis.

17861-6

Calcium

number

mg/dL

Calcium is a mineral essential for various bodily functions, including bone formation, muscle contraction, and nerve transmission.

2086-7*, 2085-9

HDL Cholesterol

number

mg/dL

HDL Cholesterol (high-density lipoprotein) is often called the “good” cholesterol because it helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream. HDL transports excess cholesterol (a waxy, fat-like substance found in your blood) from the arteries back to the liver, where it is processed and eliminated from the body. The ideal HDL levels vary by age and gender.

13457-7, 18262-6

LDL Cholesterol

number

mg/dL

LDL Cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein), or “bad” cholesterol, is one of two types of cholesterol. Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in your blood and every cell of your body. Your body needs some cholesterol to make hormones, vitamin D, and substances that help you digest foods. Too much LDL cholesterol in your blood increases your risk for coronary artery disease and other heart diseases. High LDL levels cause the buildup of a sticky substance called plaque in your arteries. This buildup of plaque is known as atherosclerosis. Over time, plaque narrows your arteries or fully blocks them. When this happens, parts of your body may not get enough blood. If the blood flow to your heart is blocked, it can cause a heart attack.

64219-9

Cigarettes Packs Smoked

number

{packs}/d

Average cigarette packs smoked per day during lifetime stated by user.

1 pack = 20 cigarettes

1988-5, 30522-7

C-Reactive Protein

number

mg/L

C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a protein your liver makes. Normally, you have low levels of CRP in your blood. Your liver releases more CRP into your bloodstream if you have inflammation in your body. High levels of CRP may mean you have a serious health condition causing inflammation. Inflammation is your body’s way of protecting your tissues and helping them heal from an injury, infection, or other disease. If inflammation lasts too long, it can damage healthy tissues. This is called chronic (long-term) inflammation.

2160-0

Creatinine

number

mg/dL

Creatinine is a waste product generated from muscle metabolism and is excreted by the kidneys.

33863-2

Cystatin C

number

mg/dL

Cystatin C is a protein used to assess kidney function more accurately than creatinine, as it is less affected by muscle mass.

713-8, 26450-7, 714-6

Eosinophils

number

%

The percentage of eosinophils in the total WBC count.

711-2, 712-0, 26449-9

Eosinophils

number

{cells}/uL

Eosinophils are WBCs involved in the response to allergies and parasitic infections.

788-0

Erythrocyte distribution width by Automated count

number

%

Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) is a measurement of how much the volume and size of your red blood cells (erythrocytes) vary. Red blood cells are made in your bone marrow (the spongy tissue inside your large bones). They contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to every cell in your body. Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and make energy for you to function. Normally, your red blood cells are about the same size. Differences in the size of your red blood cells may affect how well they can deliver oxygen through your body. An RDW test uses a special graph called a histogram. If your red blood cells are about the same size, they will be close together on the histogram, and the RDW will be low. A high RDW means the size of your red blood cells varies more than it should.

2324-2

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

number

U/L

Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) is an enzyme found throughout your body, but it is mainly found in your liver. Enzymes are proteins that speed up certain chemical reactions in your body. Thousands of enzymes play an important role in all of your body functions. If your liver or bile duct is damaged, GGT may leak into your bloodstream. Bile ducts are tubes carrying bile in and out of the liver. Bile is an important fluid for digestion made by the liver.

2345-7, 6777-7*, 2339-0

Glucose

number

mg/dL

Glucose, or blood sugar, is the main sugar found in your blood. It is your body’s primary source of energy. It originates from the food you eat. Your body breaks down most food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. When your blood glucose goes up, it signals your pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the glucose get into your cells to be used for energy.

83173-5

Grip Strength, left hand

number

N

Grip strength Hand - left Dynamometer

83174-3

Grip Strength, right hand

number

N

Grip strength Hand - right Dynamometer

8302-2, 3138-5

Height

number

cm

Your height in centimeters.

4544-3, 20570-8

Hematocrit

number

%

Hematocrit is the proportion of blood volume occupied by RBCs.

718-7, 30350-3

Hemoglobin

number

g/dL

Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein in your red blood cells. It carries oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and make energy for you to function.

2484-4

IGF-1

number

ng/mL

IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) is a hormone, a chemical messenger in your bloodstream controlling the actions of certain cells or organs. IGF-1 manages the effects of growth hormone (GH) in your body. Together, IGF-1 and GH promote normal growth of bones and tissues. GH levels in the blood change throughout the day, depending on your diet and activity levels, while IGF-1 levels are more stable. A reliable way to track GH in your body is by measuring the level of IGF-1 in the blood. Levels of IGF-1 and GH change throughout your life. They are normally low when you are a child, increase until they peak during puberty, then decrease once you are an adult. Besides growth, GH also helps control your metabolism, which is the process your body uses to make energy from the food you eat.

44711-0

LDL Cholesterol/ApoB [Mass Ratio]

number

1

The LDL cholesterol concentration to total Apolipoprotein B concentration ratio (LDL-C/ApoB ratio) is a good predictor of cardiovascular disease and can be used to infer LDL particle size. Essentially, since each LDL particle carries exactly one ApoB molecule, the ratio reflects how much cholesterol is packed into each particle — and therefore what kind of LDL particles are present.

6690-2

Leukocytes

number

10*3{cells}/uL

WBCs are part of the immune system and help fight infection.

43583-4

Lipoprotein

number

nmol/L

Lipoprotein (a) is a type of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) or “bad” cholesterol. Lipoproteins are particles made of protein and fats (lipids). They carry cholesterol through your bloodstream to your cells. These lipoproteins carry cholesterol to the cells in your arteries.

736-9, 737-7

Lymphocytes

number

%

The lymphocyte percent test, part of a Complete Blood Count (CBC), measures the proportion of lymphocytes among white blood cells, providing insight into immune system health. High lymphocyte percentages can indicate viral infections, chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain cancers, while low percentages may suggest acute infections, immunodeficiencies, autoimmune diseases, or bone marrow disorders.

731-0

Lymphocyte Count

number

{cells}/uL

Lymphocyte Count is part of a complete blood count (CBC) and measures lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell important for immune response. It can be elevated by infections or immune conditions and lowered by certain diseases or treatments. A CBC is a group of blood tests measuring the number and size of the different cells in your blood.

785-6

MCH

number

pg

MCH indicates the average amount of hemoglobin per RBC.

786-4, 28540-3

MCHC

number

g/dL

MCHC measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of RBCs. Abnormal levels can indicate various types of anemia.

787-2, 30428-7

Mean Corpuscular Volume

number

fL

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) is part of a complete blood count (CBC). A CBC is a common blood test measuring many parts of your blood, including red blood cells. An MCV blood test measures the average size of your red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen from your lungs to every cell in your body. Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and stay healthy.

5905-5, 744-3

Monocytes

number

%

The percentage of monocytes in the total WBC count.

742-7, 743-5

Monocyte Count

number

{cells}/uL

Monocyte Count is part of a complete blood count (CBC) and measures type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. Abnormal monocyte counts can be seen in infections, autoimmune diseases, or bone marrow disorders. A CBC is a group of blood tests measuring the number and size of the different cells in your blood.

770-8, 26511-6, 23761-0

Neutrophils

number

%

The percentage of neutrophils in the total WBC count, used to assess the body's response to infection or inflammation.

751-8, 752-6*, 753-4

Neutrophil Count

number

{cells}/uL

Neutrophil Count is part of a complete blood count (CBC) and measures a type of white blood cell that helps fight infection. Neutrophil count is part of a CBC and can be elevated in bacterial infections or reduced in conditions affecting bone marrow. A CBC is a group of blood tests measuring the number and size of the different cells in your blood.

777-3

Platelets

number

10*3{cells}/uL

Platelets are small blood cells involved in clotting.

2885-2

Protein

number

g/dL

Total protein measures the amount of protein in the blood, including albumin and globulins. Proteins are essential for various bodily functions, including maintaining osmotic pressure, transporting substances, and serving as enzymes and antibodies.

8867-4, 40443-4

Pulse Rate

number

{beats}/min

Pulse Rate (or resting heart rate) measures the number of times your heart beats per minute at rest. It provides information on heart health and can vary with activity, stress, and health conditions.

789-8

Red Blood Cell Count

number

10*6{cells}/uL

Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) measures the number of red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes, in your blood. Red blood cells are made in your bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside your large bones. They contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen from your lungs to every cell in your body. Your cells need oxygen to grow, reproduce, and make energy for you to function.

46098-0

Sex

string

Biological sex of an individual.

13967-5

SHBG

number

nmol/L

SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) is a protein made mostly in your liver. It binds (attaches) to sex hormones in your blood. SHBG helps control the amount of sex hormones that are actively working in your body. When the SHBG protein binds to sex hormones, your tissues can’t use those hormones. Your tissues can only use sex hormones that are “free,” which means they aren’t attached to proteins, such as SHBG. An SHBG test is usually done if you have signs and/or symptoms of having too much or too little of the sex hormone testosterone. Testosterone is known as a “male” sex hormone, but females have testosterone in smaller amounts. In adult males, testosterone controls sex drive, maintains muscle mass, and helps make sperm. In adult females, testosterone is important for healthy organs and the growth of bones and muscles. Measuring SHBG levels provides information about how much of your testosterone is active in the tissues of your body.

67741-9

Smoking

number

a

Total years of life smoked stated by user.

63632-4

Smoking

number

a

The number of years since quitting smoking.

2986-8

Testosterone

number

ng/dL

Testosterone is known as a “male” sex hormone, but females have testosterone in smaller amounts. Testosterone is made by the testicles (or testes), the part of the male reproductive system that makes sperm; the ovaries, the part of the female reproductive system that makes eggs; the adrenal glands, organs on top of each kidney that make several hormones. During male puberty, testosterone causes body hair, muscle growth, and a deepening voice. In adult life, it controls sex drive, maintains muscle mass, and helps make sperm. In females, testosterone is important for the growth of bones and muscles, and healthy organs. There are different forms of testosterone in your blood that may be measured to help diagnose certain health problems. Most of your testosterone is attached to proteins. The proteins prevent your tissues from using the testosterone right away, which helps control the amount of “active” testosterone in your body. Testosterone not attached to proteins is called free testosterone. Free testosterone acts on your tissues.

3016-3, 3015-5

Thyrotropin

number

m[IU]/L

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland). Thyrotropin stimulates the thyroid gland by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is common in the pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH; Luteinizing hormone and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity.

2571-8

Triglycerides

number

mg/dL

Triglycerides is the amount of a fat in your blood called triglycerides. High triglycerides may increase your risk for a heart attack or stroke. Your body uses triglycerides for energy. If you eat more calories than you need, your body turns the extra calories into triglycerides and stores them in your fat cells to use later. When your body needs energy, your cells release triglycerides into your bloodstream to provide fuel for your muscles to work. If you eat more calories than you burn off, especially calories from carbohydrates, including sugary foods, and fats, you may have high triglyceride levels in your blood.

3084-1

Urate

number

mg/dL

Urate (also known as Uric Acid) is a normal waste product your body makes when it breaks down chemicals called purines. Purines come from your cells when they die. Purines also are found in many foods and beverages. Most uric acid dissolves in your blood. Your kidneys filter the uric acid out of your blood, and it leaves your body in your urine. If uric acid builds up in your blood, it can form needle-shaped crystals in and around your joints. This condition is called gout.

3094-0, 6299-2

Urea

number

mg/dL

Urea is a waste product created when the liver breaks down proteins, and it is filtered by the kidneys and excreted in urine.

3097-3

Urea nitrogen/Creatinine ratio

number

1

Urea nitrogen is the primary metabolite derived from dietary protein and tissue protein turnover, while creatinine is the product of muscle creatine catabolism. Both are relatively small molecules that distribute throughout total body water. The ratio compares these two waste products to give a fuller picture of kidney function than either value alone.

62292-8*, 14635-7, 35365-6

Vitamin D

number

ng/mL

Vitamin D is essential for bone health, immune function, and calcium absorption.

56117-5

Waist Circumference

number

cm

Measurement of waist circumference using a tape measure at the natural indent between the rib cage and pelvis.

8280-0

Waist Circumference

number

cm

Measurement of waist circumference using a tape measure at the umbilicus.

29463-7

Weight

number

kg

Your weight in kilograms.